The Chinese are losing their ability to write Chinese.
Posted: December 20th, 2008 | Author: Kevin Lee | Filed under: Kev's Thoughts On... | Tags: Chinese, keyboard, language, Pin Yin, QWERTY, texting, writing | 19 Comments »This is not a post bashing the Chinese and saying they are losing their culture. Or maybe it is? Depends on how you take it.
My Dad has been complaining that he is forced to write in English whenever he uses a piece of technology: computers or text-messaging by phone. He wants to write in his native Chinese so that he can express himself more eloquently and to make it easier for communicating with Mainland Chinese. As a Hong Kong-born Chinese, he never learned Pin Yin, and only knows Traditional characters. So he’s elected to learn the input-sequence known as “Jiu Fang” or “Gow Fong” or “Nine Squares”. Its an older system of chinese word-processing that is stroke-based instead of phonetics-based Pin Yin. They still use the keyboard we are familiar with, but each button represents a different action. The majority of overseas Chinese who write Traditional characters are still on this system.
I was explaining to my dad that Mainland Chinese today use PinYin in all their Chinese word processing, from emails to text messaging. I also related to him how a large majority of my friends are so used to writing Chinese on a keyboard using the Pin Yin system, that it has become challenging for them to pick up a pen and begin writing script chinese characters. Most savvy Chinese today type as fast as they think, with their fingers stabbing a sequence of buttons on a keyboard without having to think about the phonetics involved in building the pin yin for that character. Much like how we type in English.
The interesting thing is that while both English and Chinese are using the same QWERTY keyboard, and both are writing primarily from muscle memory, English writers can actually see each button they press become a letter on the screen. Not so for the Chinese. A sequence of muscle-memorized punches equals each character. To me, it is mind-boggling how the mind can process and adapt like that.
To take the boggle-ness a step further, throw in predictive text. The Pin Yin word processing system has integrated within it a predictive text function, so a person keyboarding Chinese doesn’t even have to finish the sequence of the character to get what he/she wants. Then add on top of that predictive phrasing. Just the first few key punches of each character sequence and you have an entire sentence without actually completing even one full character’s sequence. It really is miraculous watching a person speed-typing Chinese. We have something kind of like this in English with predictive texting on phones. My thumb moves over that little number pad at such speed that often people on the other end think I’m messaging them with a Blackberry.
But imagine if us writing the English language were encouraged to type only with predictive-text number pads because it was more efficient, or because we never invented the QWERTY keyboard? What if we were only taught the number-board method from the beginning? Would we be able to actually pick up a pen and physically write English today?
Sure, we would be able to read English. But I think you’ll agree that in general the level of penmanship in our younger generations has deteriorated as a result of earlier and earlier adoption of the keyboard.
The same is happening with the Chinese, except for them, they are adopting to a predictive text, predictive phrase, phonetic, pin yin system to write simplified chinese characters. As China continues to develop and gain in wealth, Chinese word processing on a keyboard is being introduced into the classroom earlier and earlier. I would be very interested to see how the next generation of Chinese youth do if asked to produce a hand-written piece of Chinese writing. How will their minds reverse-engineer the few buttons on the keyboard they would normally press, back into actual pen strokes to form a scripted character? The next generation of English writers who are also used to the keyboard may find it easier because 1) we can phonetically sound out the spelling of each word and 2) we only have 26 letters to remember and choose from. The Chinese language has thousands of characters to remember.
The act of hand-writing Chinese (and English for that matter too) will be relegated to a mere hobby, or folk-art.
Some questions that arise at this junction are:
a) What other languages/peoples are experiencing the same phenomenon?
b) What are the implications of this change? Is it a good thing or bad?
c) Are there business opportunities found in this situation?
[...] young Chinese losing their ability to write characters? A look at some of the implications of China’s growing reliance on predictive input methods and pinyin for typing out the thousands [...]
At first I thought the reason why I forgot how to hand write many characters after I started typing Chinese was because I am a foreigner. I later found through conversations with many Chinese friends that Chinese people have the same problem. When you write in pinyin youre really just recognizing the correct character rather than knowing how to write it. Great observation and congrats on getting picked up by the WSJ China Journal.
Yeah, I think we have all observed this phenomenon here. My take to your questions:
a)I guess no language can suffer this problem as much as Chinese (it is the only non-phonetic writing alive as far as I know, no?)
b)Implications: Obvious bad implications, but I’m also thinking of a good one: It will be much easier to reintroduce the ??? when the Chinese decide they finally want their old culture back.
c)Yes, but I will not give them away for free
Oops, characters don’t show very well on the comments. The ??? is fantizi, meaning the Chinese Traditional characters.
[...] cool article on Chinese language writing and the effects of technology. Not a new subject, but the article is [...]
Taiwan and overseas Taiwanese are using Cangjie or Zhuyin input methods. Generally speaking, predictive zhuyin input is creating similar problems to the ones you describe above.
This is just because the brain uses separate regions for recall and recognition, so picking a character out of a list will not keep the recall/writing part of the brain in shape.
Thanks for the post A-gu! Your scientific answer brings a lot more legitimacy to my thoughts!
Hey Uln, thanks for the response! After writing this post, I was thinking about whether there were any other languages who’s experience is similar to Chinese. To my knowledge, languages like Arabic and some South Asian languages come close, but I think they are still structured by phonetics, although not the romanized alphabet.
You think that the Mainland Chinese will lament over Fanti? I think thats an interesting idea. Something thats worth its own blog post or two.
Thanks Joel for your thoughts. I was back in highschool when one of my Mainland Chinese friends first told me that when he was writing exams in Chinese and he’d forget how to write a character, he’d just write the character extremely poorly, and hopefully the teacher would he/she couldn’t read the character only because my friend had messy writing. I never thought at that time that it might be in part due to the adoption of keyboarding. Cheers!
Japanese has 2 scripts, one of which is also pictographic. I wonder if they have the same problem.
I recall an article over a decade ago complaining about the slow uptake of word processing and similar tech by the Japanese due to the input problem. It mentioned that secretaries doing hand-writing of characters was still common, and that the fax technology became common through the efforts of Japanese business, which needed a susbtitute for teletype (remember that?) that could handle script.
Business Opportunity: The guys at Skritter have already created an awesome, and fun, online tool for learning to write Chinese characters. It is aimed at foreigners learning Chinese, but could easily be adapted and targeted at young Chinese, or rather, their parents and teachers.
http://www.skritter.com
Hey Beijing Gourmand, Thanks for the tip about skritter.com! I’m definitely going to check it out, and pass it along to my friends. BTW, Loving your blog.
aahh the Japanese. Yes you’re right they do have a script that is still based on pictographs. I guess it helps when they have two other scripts that they use interchangeably. Your story about the rise of fax machines in part due to their inability to adapt to a viable input method is amusing, and sheds some light on how they do things! I am most interested in Japan’s youth today, who are much more mobile-dependant than China’s youth. What is their current experience like?
Thanks Kevin! Btw, Skritter is currently blocked in China, Nick from the Skritter team has the following work-around: Try skrit.appspot.com for now, logging in using a password instead of Clickpass, and going back to skrit.appspot.com if it 404′s you on login. We’re blocked in China now and can’t do anything for the short term to fix it (until we can set up a reverse proxy), but that should get you on for now.
1- Korean or Japanese Kanji, I understand they have the same problem. But they don’t really count as a different non-phonetic system because it is the same system: they are essentially Chinese characters.
2- China back to fantizi? My tea leaves read: This will be one of the first moves when eventually the ### party takes over, and the ideology and symbols of the ### party fall in disgrace. Too many blocked sites these days, so I let each reader fill in the gaps.
Happy Christmas!
Its funny to say this but I actually think that using text input features on my cell phone and computer is actually helping my chinese character recognition. As a foreigner living in China, its not so critically important, not saying unimportant, for me to actually write Chinese characters. Reading them and then being able to recognize them are much more critical so using my cell phone to recogize characters helps me with learning them. I can see the other side of the coin for Chinese themselves who lament at their lose of some cultural atrophy.
hek
Thanks Hek for the reply. I too have to admit that text input definitely helps me with my Chinese literacy too. Its just unfortunate that the only viable bridge that could potentially one day let the Chinese language rival English as an international language, has to come at the cost of the art of brush/pen stroke.
Kev
I have played with Skritter for a few times. It is a cool tool, but I would rather practice writing Chinese characters using pen and paper. I just could not build the natural feel of writing when I use a mouse.
Thanks to http://www.archchinese.com and http://www.cchar.com, now I can write common characters in the correct stroke orders. I can show off to my friends I can write Chinese, but, as Hek said, writing might not be important for my future career in China.
I have lived in the US all my life and was brought up using the bopomofo system. I must say, it is tricky to use the keyboard to produce the characters since while, English is my first language, I tend to get mixed up with Pinyin as well.